Contents
श्रीभगवानुवाच |
काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं सन्न्यासं कवयो विदु: |
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणा: ||
śhrī-bhagavān uvācha
kāmyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ sannyāsaṁ kavayo viduḥ
sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṁ prāhus tyāgaṁ vichakṣhaṇāḥ
भावार्थ:
श्री भगवान बोले- कितने ही पण्डितजन तो काम्य कर्मों के (स्त्री, पुत्र और धन आदि प्रिय वस्तुओं की प्राप्ति के लिए तथा रोग-संकटादि की निवृत्ति के लिए जो यज्ञ, दान, तप और उपासना आदि कर्म किए जाते हैं, उनका नाम काम्यकर्म है।) त्याग को संन्यास समझते हैं तथा दूसरे विचारकुशल पुरुष सब कर्मों के फल के त्याग को (ईश्वर की भक्ति, देवताओं का पूजन, माता-पितादि गुरुजनों की सेवा, यज्ञ, दान और तप तथा वर्णाश्रम के अनुसार आजीविका द्वारा गृहस्थ का निर्वाह एवं शरीर संबंधी खान-पान इत्यादि जितने कर्तव्यकर्म हैं, उन सबमें इस लोक और परलोक की सम्पूर्ण कामनाओं के त्याग का नाम सब कर्मों के फल का त्याग है) त्याग कहते हैं॥2॥
Translation
The Supreme Divine Personality said: Giving up of actions motivated by desire is what the wise understand as sanyās. Relinquishing the fruits of all actions is what the learned declare to be tyāg.
English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya’s Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda
18.2 Some kavayah, learned ones; viduh, know; sannyasam, sannyasa, the meaning of the word sannyasa, the non-performance of what comes as a duty; to be the nyasam, giving up; karmanam, of actions; kamyanam, done with a desire for reward, e.g. Horse-sacrifice etc. Sarva-karma-phala-tyagah, abandonment of the results of all actions, means the giving up of the results accruing to oneself from all actions- the daily obligatory and the occasional (nitya and naimittika) that are performed. Vicaksanah, the adepts, the learned ones; prahuh, call, speak of that; as tyagam, tyaga, as the meaning of the word tyaga.
Even if ‘the giving up of actions for desired results’ or ‘the abandonment of results’ be the intended meaning, in either case the one meaning of the words sannyasa and tyaga amounts only to tyaga (giving up); they do not imply distinct categories as do the words ‘pot’ and ‘cloth’.
Objection: Well, is it not that they say the daily obligatory (nitya) and the occasional (naimittika) rites and duties have no results at all? How is the giving up of their results spoken of-like the abandoning of a son of a barren woman?!
Reply: This defect does not desire. It is the intention of the Lord that the nitya-karmas (daily obligatory duties) also have results; for the Lord will say, ‘The threefold results of actions-the undesirable, the desirable and the mixed-accrue after death to those who do not resort to tyaga’, and also, ‘but never to those who resort to sannyasa (monks)’ (12). Indeed, by showing that, it is only in the case of sannyasins (monks) alone that there is no connection with the results of actions, the Lord asserts in, ‘৷৷.accrue after death to those who do not resort to tyaga (renunciation)’ (abid.), that the result of daily obligatory (nitya) duties accrue to those who are not sannyasins (monks).