कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम् |
परिचर्यात्मकं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम् ||
kṛiṣhi-gau-rakṣhya-vāṇijyaṁ vaiśhya-karma svabhāva-jam
paricharyātmakaṁ karma śhūdrasyāpi svabhāva-jam
भावार्थ:
खेती, गोपालन और क्रय-विक्रय रूप सत्य व्यवहार (वस्तुओं के खरीदने और बेचने में तौल, नाप और गिनती आदि से कम देना अथवा अधिक लेना एवं वस्तु को बदलकर या एक वस्तु में दूसरी या खराब वस्तु मिलाकर दे देना अथवा अच्छी ले लेना तथा नफा, आढ़त और दलाली ठहराकर उससे अधिक दाम लेना या कम देना तथा झूठ, कपट, चोरी और जबरदस्ती से अथवा अन्य किसी प्रकार से दूसरों के हक को ग्रहण कर लेना इत्यादि दोषों से रहित जो सत्यतापूर्वक पवित्र वस्तुओं का व्यापार है उसका नाम ‘सत्य व्यवहार’ है।) ये वैश्य के स्वाभाविक कर्म हैं तथा सब वर्णों की सेवा करना शूद्र का भी स्वाभाविक कर्म है॥44॥
Translation
Agriculture, dairy farming, and commerce are the natural works for those with the qualities of Vaishyas. Serving through work is the natural duty for those with the qualities of Shudras.
English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya’s Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda
18.44 Svabyavajam, the natural; vaisya-karma, duties of the Vaisyas, of the Vaisya caste; are krsi-gauraksyavanijyam, agriculture, cattle rearing and trade: Krsi is tilling of land. Orre who rears cattle (go) is goraksa; the abstract form of that word is gauraksyam, animal-huandry. Vanijyam means the occupation of a trader, consisting of buying and selling.
Sudrasya, of the Sudra; api, too; svabhavajam, the natural; karma, duty; is paricaryatmakam, in the form of service.
When rightly pursued, the natural result of these duties enjoined for the castes is the attainment of heaven-which act is evident from such Smrti texts as, ‘People belonging to the castes and stages of life, who are true to their own duties, experience after death the fruit of their actions. And after that, as a result of the remnants of their merits they are born in some excellent region, caste and family, with greater piety, longevity, learning, conduct, wealth, happiness and intelligence’ (Ap. Dh. Su. 2.2.2.3), etc. And in the Puranas also it is particularly mentioned that poeple belonging to the (different) castes and stages of life come to have specific results in the form of different worlds.
But this result that is going to be stated follows from a different cause: